煤矿工人等待进入公共淋浴间，结束一天的工作
1958年，德国盖尔森基兴。一名煤矿工人在换班后等待进入公共浴室。摄影：马克斯·谢勒。[592x840]
评论 (104)
OrneryConelover702,551 赞2021/11/12
Pretty easy to see how these guys would develop black lung. Blowing your nose out must have been interesting and gross.
真是不难想象这些人是怎么得黑肺病的。擤鼻涕的时候场面肯定又刺激又恶心。
Griffaith3,136 赞2021/11/12
there is acually a morbidly neat saying in that area of Germany that relates to this. There is a saying for someone dying: "er ist weg vom Fenster" which translates to "he is away from the window". Old retired coal miners with lung problems would spend much of their time sitting at the window of their house/apartment, to get more air. If you then suddenly no longer saw them at the window "weg vom Fenster", it meant they had died. ​ edit: wow, this blew up. I'm a foreigner living in Germany, and am always fascinated by the origin of sayings here, which are pretty varied depending on the area you are in. For anybody in/planning to visit Germany, there are quite a few places where you can tour the old mines and see what it was like there. This particular anecdote I picked up from talking to a tourguide at [this mine](https://www.sauerlaender-besucherbergwerk.de/) here. Its a great tour where you get to travel in the same minecarts they used to use to go "unter tage" (under days) 1,5 kilometers underneath the mountain. Super fascinating stuff.
其实在德国那个地区，有一个关于这方面的说法，听起来既病态又挺有意思。那里有一种形容人去世的说法：“er ist weg vom Fenster”，翻译过来就是“他离开窗户了”。那些患有肺病退休在家的老矿工，以前经常坐在自家房子的窗边呼吸新鲜空气。所以如果你突然再也看不到他们坐在窗边了，也就是“weg vom Fenster”了，那就意味着他们已经过世了。
编辑：哇，没想到这贴火了。我是一个住在这儿的外国人，一直对德国各种谚语的起源很感兴趣，而且这些说法根据地区的不同还挺不一样的。
对于已经在德国或者打算来旅游的人，有很多地方可以参观老矿井，看看当年的工作环境是什么样的。我提到的这个小轶事就是从[这家矿井](https://www.sauerlaender-besucherbergwerk.de/)的一位导游那里听来的。那里的参观体验超棒，你可以坐上他们以前用的那种矿车，深入山底1.5公里去体验“unter tage”（地底/下井）的感觉。简直太迷人了。
Nomand551,028 赞2021/11/12
Holy shit, I'm German, I have said this a thousand times and I never knew what it was actually about!
我靠，我是德国人，这词儿我说了几千遍了，居然从来都不知道它背后的真正含义！
Bombastisch205 赞2021/11/12
Me too! Never heared the back story of that phrase before.
我也是！以前从来没听说过那个短语背后的故事。
TheRavenSayeth66 赞2021/11/13
I'm curious, could you give a context that you would use the phrase?
我挺好奇的，你能给个你会用到这个短语的语境吗？
[已删除]223 赞2021/11/13
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[已删除]47 赞2021/11/13
thanks, KnobAndBollocks. very informative posts.
谢了，KnobAndBollocks。你的帖子信息量很大，很有参考价值。
genericgod73 赞2021/11/13
It’s like “He kicked the bucket” or “He bit the dust”
这就好比“蹬腿了”（he kicked the bucket）或者“挂了”（he bit the dust）。
TheRavenSayeth28 赞2021/11/13
Well now I'd like to know the source for those phrases.
那现在我倒想知道这些短语的来源了。
kamikaze_puppy85 赞2021/11/13
You bite the dust when your face hits the ground and you don’t get back up or spit out the dirt cause you are dead. Kick the bucket is when you are committing suicide by hanging yourselves, you stand on a bucket to set up your noose and kick the bucket away when you are ready to die.
“吃土”（bite the dust）是指当你脸朝地摔下去，却再也爬不起来，或者连吐出泥土的力气都没有，因为你已经死透了。
“蹬腿”（kick the bucket）是指你上吊自杀的时候，踩在一个水桶上套好绳圈，等准备好去死的时候，就把水桶踢开。
[已删除]77 赞2021/11/13
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[已删除]20 赞2021/11/13
Biting the earth/dust goes as far back as Antiquity, Homer used it in his Ilias. It refers to soldiers "biting" the ground while dying of their wounds in battle. It made its way into colloquial speech during the 18th century apparently, meaning the same. Kicking the bucket seems to have originated from people comitting suicide by hanging themselves, standing on a bucket which they had to kick away in order to hang themselves.
“Biting the earth/dust”（咬土/吃土）这个说法能追溯到古代，荷马在《伊利亚特》里就用过。它指的是士兵在战场上因伤垂死时“咬”地面的动作。显然，这个词在18世纪进入了口语，意思没变。
“Kicking the bucket”（蹬腿/挂了）似乎起源于那些上吊自杀的人，他们站在桶上，为了上吊必须把桶踢开。
xFueresx24 赞2021/11/13
Someone kicked a bucket and died Not sure about the other Real note kick the bucket means to die from suicide iirc, hanging
有人踢了个桶然后挂了。
不太确定另一个短语。
讲真，据我记忆，“kick the bucket”指的是自杀身亡，也就是上吊。
DerKitzler9931 赞2021/11/13
"Biting the dust" reminds me of "Ins Gras beißen" (German), which means "to bite into the grass". And if I'm correct it comes from wounded soldiers that collapsed to the ground and suffer before dying. Biting on something for example can help to cope with pain.
“Biting the dust”让我想起了德语里的“Ins Gras beißen”，意思就是“咬进草地里”。
如果我没记错的话，这源于受伤的士兵倒地，在死前承受痛苦。
比如，咬着什么东西可以帮人忍受痛楚。
weirdflaxbutok349 赞2021/11/12
That’s really interesting. Thanks for sharing.
这真的挺有意思的。感谢分享。
FelineWishes43 赞2021/11/12
Today I learned. Wow. Thanks for the insight.
今天又涨知识了。哇。感谢你的见解。
ars815c106 赞2021/11/12
I have read in the USA where they mine coal more houses than usual will have covered balconies as the miners will sleep outside for this reason. The towns have signs telling drivers not to make noise as the people are sleeping outside.
我曾在有关美国煤矿开采的资料里读到过，那里的房子大多都有带顶棚的阳台，因为矿工们由于这个原因通常在外面睡觉。镇上还会立起标牌，提醒司机们保持安静，因为人们正在外面睡觉。
cypherreddit87 赞2021/11/12
Linen factories as well, you get brown lung from the airborne fibers. Really any industry that creates lots of dust
亚麻工厂也是，空气中的纤维会让你得“棕肺病”。说真的，任何会产生大量粉尘的行业都一样。
redheadartgirl71 赞2021/11/13
Yep. And potters get silicosis from the clay dust. In general, if you notice that a hobby you do kicks up dust or debris of any kind, throw on a mask. Dying because your lungs are damaged is a terrible, slow way to go.
没错。陶艺家也会因为黏土粉尘而得矽肺病。总之，如果你发现自己的爱好会扬起灰尘或任何碎屑，就把口罩戴上吧。因为肺部受损而死，那过程既缓慢又痛苦，实在太糟了。
BattleHall24 赞2021/11/13
> And potters get ~~silicone~~ silicon/silica from the clay dust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis
> 而且陶艺家吸入的是黏土粉尘里的硅/二氧化硅，不是硅胶。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis
NopeRopeRepellant15 赞2021/11/12
Again what learned ☝️
又学到了新知识 ☝️
QQMau5trap215 赞2021/11/12
I worked in construction and we cleaned roofs from coal slag that was put between each level for isolation purposes. Yes it isolates pretty well but its also very very carciongenic. I had a special mask on for work and I still had black snot. We did this for a week. I cant imagine doing this shit for longer. Id get cancer just by thinking about it.
我以前在建筑工地干过，我们需要清理房顶上的煤渣，那些煤渣是为了隔热铺在每一层之间的。没错，它的隔热效果确实挺好，但也非常非常致癌。
我当时干活戴了专用口罩，可擤出来的鼻涕还是黑的。
我们那活儿干了一周。我简直无法想象要是再久一点会怎样。光是想想我都要得癌症了。
Lv_InSaNe_vL103 赞2021/11/13
If you still had black snot it means your mask either wasn't working properly, not up to code, or not fitted correctly, or a combination of the three. Source: I wear a mask quite a bit since I have to work around asbestos, fiberglass dust, and other really terrible dusts
如果你擤出来的鼻涕还是黑的，那就说明你的口罩要么没起作用，要么不合规，要么就是佩戴方式不对，或者是这三者都有问题。
来源：我经常戴口罩，因为我得在石棉、玻璃纤维粉尘以及其他各种极其要命的粉尘环境下工作。
QQMau5trap54 赞2021/11/13
most certainly not up to code. I was a student at uni. No one gives a shit in construction if you work with illegals as coworkers 😬
绝对不符合建筑规范。我上大学那会儿干过。在工地，只要你跟那些非法劳工一块儿干活，根本没人会在意这事儿 😬
Lv_InSaNe_vL24 赞2021/11/13
Lol I have to go get my own masks, I'm not putting my health on the line even though "technically" we don't have to wear a mask. But yeah i totally get it, construction bosses are just the best huh? Haha
哈哈，我还得自己去买口罩，我可不想拿自己的健康去冒险，尽管“按规定”我们其实不用戴。
不过讲真，我太懂了，这些包工头真是“顶呱呱”对吧？哈哈。
Runswithchickens18 赞2021/11/12
I'm still more afraid of that gap between the boards he's sitting on.
我反而更担心他坐的那几块板子之间的缝隙。
chocoinfusion61 赞2021/11/13
I've worked demolition/deconstruction for about 6 years. I was younger when I started and nobody told me about how many invisible particles fly around in the air and how dangerous that is to inhale. We were given masks, but seeing as most people didn't use it, I didn't either. People opened a window and turned on an air filter with reused or old HEPA filters. Can easily say I inhaled sawdust, concrete dust, gypsum, some asbest for about 2 years without caring. What came out of my nose at the end of the work day was horrible. After that, I realized what I'm exposing myself to and started wearing my mask all the time, which is ridiculously hard to do when it starts irritating your face, you have a pool of sweat inside of it and dust crawls in it anyway at some point. It was a well paying, but dirty job which I just recently quit, because I could feel my body getting older from all the power tools, vibration damage in my arms, back and so forth and towards the end i lived in constant paranoia/stress that every day the chances of getting cancer when I'm old are increasing little by little from all of the dust casually flying around in the construction spotlights.
我干拆除/解构这行大概 6 年了。刚入行那会儿我还年轻，根本没人跟我提过空气里漂浮着多少肉眼看不见的颗粒物，吸进肺里有多危险。虽然当时也发了口罩，但看大多数人都不戴，我也就没戴。大家顶多就是开个窗，再开个空气过滤机，还得是那种重复用过或者旧的 HEPA 滤网。说真的，大概有两年时间，我压根没当回事，天天狂吸木屑、混凝土灰、石膏粉，甚至还有石棉。每天下班擤出来的鼻涕简直恶心到家了。后来我才意识到自己是在拿命换钱，就开始全程佩戴口罩，但说实话，这真的太遭罪了——口罩磨得脸疼不说，里面全是汗，到最后粉尘还是会顺着缝隙钻进去。这活儿薪水确实不错，但实在太脏了，我最近刚辞职，因为我能感觉到身体被各种电动工具折腾得越来越差，手臂、后背到处都是震动带来的损伤。而且辞职前那阵子，我每天都活在一种持续的焦虑/压力中，觉得工地上聚光灯下那些随处乱飞的粉尘，正在一点点增加我老了以后得癌症的几率。
BattleHall45 赞2021/11/13
> After that, I realized what I'm exposing myself to and started wearing my mask all the time, which is ridiculously hard to do when it starts irritating your face, you have a pool of sweat inside of it and dust crawls in it anyway at some point. As an aside, when I'm working in really heavy environments, I've found that the most comfortable mask for long term wear is actually a full on military gas mask. It kind of makes sense; the government spends a lot of money developing those things, specifically for applications where you may have to do strenuous physical activity for extended periods of time in environments where you absolutely can *not* remove your mask. The straps are comfortable, they seal really well, are easy to seal check, have integrated eye protection, and many are designed to pull incoming air across the lenses to prevent fogging. You can even rig them with hoses and remote filters for more flexibility. Honestly, other than the weird looks you might get, they're one of my favorite pieces of PPE.
> 后来我才意识到自己是在拿命换钱，就开始全程佩戴口罩，但说实话，这真的太遭罪了——口罩磨得脸疼不说，里面全是汗，到最后粉尘还是会顺着缝隙钻进去。
顺带提一句，当我身处粉尘特别大的作业环境时，我发现长期佩戴最舒服的口罩其实是全套的军用防毒面具。这其实挺合理的；政府花了大价钱研发这些装备，就是为了应对那些需要在恶劣环境下长时间高强度运动、且绝对不能摘下防护设备的极端场景。它的头带设计很舒服，密封性极佳，而且很容易检查气密性，自带护目镜，很多款式还专门设计了气流循环来防止镜片起雾。你甚至可以给它加装软管和外接滤罐，用起来更灵活。老实说，除了可能会招来一些异样的眼光，它们绝对是我最心水的个人防护装备（PPE）之一。
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I interned at a large plant in the mining industry and can confirm. The dust was so bad that my pens would stop clicking when I was taking field notes. I would literally have to disassemble my pen and blow the dust out. The crazy part is that barely any of the workers wore masks mainly because the mask would become absolutely filthy within minutes of putting it on.
我曾在一家大型矿业工厂实习过，对此深有体会。那里的灰尘大到什么地步呢？大到我做现场记录时，圆珠笔的按压装置都会卡住。我真的得把笔拆开，把里面的灰吹出来才行。
最离谱的是，几乎没什么工人会戴口罩，主要原因就是口罩戴上没几分钟就脏得没法看了。
EvilRedskin29 赞2021/11/13
And it never really washes off fully. I lived in a miner's town and you can always easily distinguish these guys in the crowd because coal dust sits so deep in folds around their eyes that it looks like they are wearing a black eyeliner. Kinda makes them look like a rockstars, lol
而且这玩意儿根本洗不干净。我以前住在一个矿工小镇，一眼就能从人群中认出这些人，因为煤灰嵌在他们眼角的褶皱里太深了，看起来就像画了黑色眼线一样。还挺像那种摇滚明星的，哈哈。
daaaayyyy_dranker26 赞2021/11/12
I can remember my grandpa and uncles coming home from working the coal mines and blowing black out of their lungs. One died from cancer and another is in remission.
我还记得我爷爷和叔叔们从煤矿下班回家时，擤出来的鼻涕都是黑的。后来一个死于癌症，另一个现在处于缓解期。
Poggystyle61 赞2021/11/12
Selling your body for money is okay if it’s like this.
如果是干这种活，为了赚钱出卖身体倒也还行吧。
redheadartgirl45 赞2021/11/13
See, in this case it's making lots of money for people higher up than you, so it's fine. If you want to do sex work you're only making money for yourself, so that's bad.
你看，这种情况下它是给那些比你位高权重的人赚大钱，所以这就没问题。但如果你想去从事性工作，那你赚的钱只进自己的口袋，所以那就不行。
1,049 赞2021/11/12
"you load sixteen tons, what do you get?"
“你装了十六吨货，又能得到什么？”
620 赞2021/11/12
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270 赞2021/11/12
Saint Peter don’t you call me ‘cause I can’t go!
圣彼得啊，别来喊我，因为我可去不了！
245 赞2021/11/12
*I owe my soul to the company store!*
老子把命都卖给这破公司了！
23 赞2021/11/13
https://youtu.be/CPW3YikDwEM Modern rendition Edit: It startled me how accurately they recreate an Amazon "Fulfillment Center." I worked there for three years; the worst job I ever had.
16 赞2021/11/13
Not the song I was thinking about looking at the picture. [Sonne](https://youtu.be/StZcUAPRRac) by Rammstein was in my head.
看这图的时候，我脑子里想的根本不是那首歌。我脑子里循环的是 Rammstein 的那首《Sonne》。
25 赞2021/11/13
https://youtu.be/PJnERje97jw My favorite rendition of this song. Such an awesome voice.
42 赞2021/11/12
Your parents sell you to Paris Hilton.
你爸妈把你卖给帕里斯·希尔顿了。
22 赞2021/11/12
I'm a very bad ole bear.
我是一只老坏老坏的熊。
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472 赞2021/11/12
I live in Anthracite Appalachia and I can assure you this is true. Except coal, there is no industry nor opportunity here. Ever since the decline of coal in the 60s, everything has gotten progressively worse.
我住在阿巴拉契亚的无烟煤产区，我可以向你保证，这就是事实。除了煤炭，这儿没啥产业，也没啥机会。自从60年代煤炭产业衰退以来，一切都在每况愈下。
240 赞2021/11/12
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86 赞2021/11/12
Thatcherism at its finest.
这就是撒切尔主义的“杰作”啊。
100 赞2021/11/13
real question, what's to be done there? it's either coal or nothing there, and with coal on its way out, are you going to continue to pay people to mine it for no reason? The only solution I can think of is to pay the population to move elsewhere.
说真的，那地方到底该怎么办？要么挖煤，要么就啥都没有，现在煤炭行业都要凉了，难道你要一直养着那帮人去挖根本没意义的煤吗？我能想到的唯一办法就是给钱让他们搬走。
75 赞2021/11/13
The local governments, and state/federal governments need to develop incentives for other businesses to move into those areas to ensure there are still jobs. It’s difficult to do, but not impossible, and a much more desirable alternative to whatever the fuck has been going on in Appalachia for the past few decades.
当地政府，还有州政府和联邦政府，得搞点激励政策把别的企业引进来，好确保那儿还有工作机会。这事儿确实难办，但又不是搞不定，而且比起过去几十年阿帕拉契亚地区发生的那种破事儿，这绝对是个靠谱得多的选择。
39 赞2021/11/13
They did that in New Hampshire back in the 80's, and it worked out really well for a while. After all the mills shut down, the state created incentives to bring tech companies in, and for a while there was a thriving tech industry there. The past 20 years have been a steady backslide, though, and the aging population only accelerates that. The people in charge don't really give a shit about bringing in industry, they don't really give a shit about changing anything for the better. The state legislature is almost entirely independently wealthy retirees and none of them has a personal stake in the future.
新罕布什尔州在80年代就这么干过，起初效果还真不错。在所有的工厂都倒闭后，州政府出台了一堆激励措施来吸引科技公司，有一阵子那儿的科技产业确实搞得风生水起。
不过，过去这20年来一直在走下坡路，再加上老龄化问题，情况变得更糟了。负责的那帮人根本不在乎能不能引进产业，他们才不在乎能不能把现状往好了改。州议会里几乎全是有钱的退休人员，他们谁都不在乎未来会怎样。
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67 赞2021/11/12
Grew up near the PA coal region. A whole bunch (~50) of railroad bridges were demolished or damaged in the 1972 flood. Mines couldn't get their product out of the towns. Driving through towns like Shamokin is sad because it's obvious that people in town once had money. Now they don't.
我在宾夕法尼亚州的煤炭区附近长大。1972年的大洪水摧毁或损坏了那一带大约50座铁路桥。采矿业没法把产品从镇上运出去。开车穿过沙莫金（Shamokin）这种小镇时挺让人难过的，因为很明显，这地方的人曾经富裕过。但现在他们不行了。
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I bet people are pissed you left.
我敢说，你搬走肯定让大家挺不爽的。
17 赞2021/11/13
Recently heard that the mass die off of the American Chestnut tree across the US hit the Appalachia area particularly hard. A lot of people depended on the tree for living such logging and harvesting the nuts. As a result a lot of the community had only coal as a place to make good income after the forests were gone
最近听说美国栗树在全美范围内的大规模枯死对阿巴拉契亚地区打击特别大。
当时很多人都靠这种树生活，比如从事木材砍伐和采摘坚果。结果就是，在森林消失之后，当地社区很多人只能靠挖煤来赚点像样的钱了。
126 赞2021/11/12
Sounds like West Virginia in the US right now.
听起来简直和现在的美国西弗吉尼亚州一模一样。
38 赞2021/11/12
coal is awful and killing the earth, but i don’t blame them for them not wanting to lose their good paying jobs the largest town in West Va is 60,000. the only other jobs are dollar general if we are ever going to try out a UBI, it should be on west virginia
煤炭这玩意儿确实烂透了，简直是在谋杀地球，但我也不怪那些人，毕竟谁也不想丢掉待遇那么好的工作。
西弗吉尼亚州最大的城镇也就6万人，除了挖煤，剩下的工作机会就只有在“达乐公司”（Dollar General）打杂了。
如果要搞全民基本收入（UBI）试点的话，西弗吉尼亚绝对是首选之地。
38 赞2021/11/12
Or the whole of Western Australia, some of the underground miners out there still have communal showers too lol
或者整个西澳大利亚州也差不多，那边有些地下矿工甚至还在用公共淋浴间呢，哈哈哈。
18 赞2021/11/12
I work in a copper refinery, we also have communal showers. It's honestly not that bad.
我在一家铜冶炼厂工作，我们也有公共淋浴间。讲真，其实没那么糟糕。
21 赞2021/11/12
I mean the Ruhr area did a pretty good job pivotting to other industries in the last few decades. Not great for the Bergmänner but if no-one's buying the coal there's not much you can do
我的意思是，鲁尔区在过去几十年里在转型其他产业方面做得挺不错的。这对矿工（Bergmänner）来说确实不怎么好，但如果没人买煤的话，你也没辙。
22 赞2021/11/12
That is still happening right now in the US. For example, in the state of West Virginia, even though the coal industry relies on coal-cutting machines in place of actual coal miners more and more, there is a national fight for every last one of these coal jobs.
这种事在美国现在还在发生。比如在西弗吉尼亚州，尽管煤炭行业越来越多地依赖采煤机来取代真正的煤矿工人，但全国上下依然在为了保住每一个煤矿工作岗位而抗争。
25 赞2021/11/12
I watched this documentary some years ago that I can no longer find that went through the history of coal mining in an Appalachian town. The entire history was just extremely exploitive from the start. The mine owners took everything and once they replaced the workers with machines and started blasting off the top of mines instead of digging them they poisoned the environment. The water is deadly, cancer is rampant, the people still struggle to get medical support for the old miners. It was a very impactful movie. It made me think that those communities deserve reparations. I'm not sure of all the details but I'm convinced a case for reparations could be made and I'd support it. But the thing that struck me was that as obvious as the exploitation of their situation was the people of that region still pine for these jobs even though it kills them and their environment.
我几年前看过一部纪录片，现在怎么也找不到了，讲的是阿巴拉契亚地区一个小镇的煤矿历史。整个历史打从一开始就是彻头彻尾的压榨。矿主把能拿走的都拿走了，后来他们用机器取代了工人，又搞起了山顶移除采矿法（mountaintop removal）来替代传统的深井挖掘，结果直接把环境给毒害了。水不能喝，癌症泛滥，当地人到现在还在为那些老矿工的医疗保障苦苦挣扎。
那部片子真的非常有冲击力。它让我觉得这些社区理应获得赔偿。虽然我不是特别清楚所有的细节，但我确信这完全够得上赔偿标准，而且我绝对支持。但最让我触动的是，尽管那种被剥削的处境已经再明显不过了，可当地人竟然还是对这些工作心心念念，哪怕这些工作正在要了他们和这片土地的命。
28 赞2021/11/12
I call this the tyranny of a job. It's like prison guard unions funding anti-pot decriminalization in order to protect jobs as though any job is a good for society.
我把这称为“工作的暴政”。就像狱警工会为了保住饭碗而出钱反对大麻去罪化一样，搞得好像只要是份工作就一定对社会有好处似的。
625 赞2021/11/12
1958? Damn! Looks more like 1918.
1958年？妈呀！看起来更像是1918年的光景。
299 赞2021/11/12
Well they had to rebuild twice like the rest of central europe so..
好吧，毕竟他们和中欧其他国家一样，不得不重建了两次，所以嘛……
134 赞2021/11/12
Incorrect. Germany itself was relatively untouched in WWI. The distraction from that was was in France and Belgium.
不对。德国本土在一战期间相对来说没怎么受损。那场战争的破坏主要发生在法国和比利时。
91 赞2021/11/12
Still a broken economy, lost their most important land, and had to pay a ridiculous amount of money for WW1. Germany was way worse off after WW1 than WW2 despite their cities not being bombed to the ground.
即便如此，当时德国经济还是崩了，丢掉了最重要的领土，还得为一战支付一大笔离谱的赔款。虽然德国一战时城市没被炸成废墟，但战后的处境其实比二战后还要惨得多。
27 赞2021/11/12
> lost their most important land, Not really. The Rhineland was occupied by the French army for a bit, but it remained a part of Germany. The only valuable land Germany lost in 1918 was a bit of Silesia and Alsace-Lorraine (which was a big coal and iron producer), but the Polish corridor was one of the more backwards and poorest parts of Germany, while the colonies that had been lost were never profitable ventures to begin with.
> 失去了他们最重要的土地，
并不尽然。莱茵兰地区确实被法军占领过一阵子，但它在行政上始终属于德国。德国在1918年丢掉的唯一有价值的土地也就只有西里西亚的一小部分和阿尔萨斯-洛林（那是产煤和产铁的大户），但所谓的“波兰走廊”反而是德国境内最落后、最贫困的地区之一，至于丢掉的那些殖民地，本来就从来没赚过钱。
327 赞2021/11/12
My grandfather worked in a coal mine in Bochum (not far from Gelsenkirchen) during the 1950’s. The family settled in the Ruhrpott (Pott) during the late 1800’s. His short school career ended because of the war and he ended up working in the coal mine at 14 when my great-grandfather came home from the war.
He ended up getting drawn in a lottery of young miners, in which the company sent five young men to mining school to become engineers or explosive experts. [Picture of him at work during those years.](https://imgur.com/gallery/2xVJ4bo)
我祖父50年代的时候在波鸿（离盖尔森基兴不远）的煤矿里工作。我们家在19世纪末就定居在鲁尔区（当地人叫它“Pott”）了。
因为战争，他早早地就辍学了。等我曾祖父从战场上回来时，才14岁的他就已经下井挖煤去了。
后来他运气好，被抽中参加了一个年轻矿工的选拔，公司派了五个小伙子去矿业学校深造，培养他们当工程师或者爆破专家。
[那是他当年工作时的照片。](https://imgur.com/gallery/2xVJ4bo)
35 赞2021/11/12
This is really cool, thanks for sharing!
这真的很酷，感谢分享！
23 赞2021/11/13
Are you Armin Laschet?
你是阿敏·拉舍特（Armin Laschet）吗？
19 赞2021/11/13
Small thanks to the universe that I am not!
多亏了老天保佑，我不是！
54 赞2021/11/12
I went to Michigan tech which has/had one of the most advanced mining degrees in the country. Shit the copper mines less than 5 miles from the college had classrooms in them because you would go to the mines everyday to learn about them hands on. That department now is so empty. The coal mining degree is almost dead. Such a crazy industry to see on its last limbs.
我曾在密歇根理工大学上学，那里曾拥有（或者说依然拥有）全美最顶尖的采矿学位之一。妈的，离学校不到5英里远的地方就有铜矿，矿里甚至还设有教室，因为你每天都得下矿去实地学习。现在那个系冷清得不行。采矿学位几乎已经名存实亡了。亲眼看着这样一个疯狂的行业走向末路，真是令人感慨。
123 赞2021/11/12
Damn, this kid doesn't even look like he's shaving yet. He couldn't be more than 15 or 16, right..?
靠，这小孩看起来连胡子都没长呢吧。顶多也就十五六岁，对吧……？
113 赞2021/11/12
While I am not sure if child labor in cole mines in germany at the time was a thing, neither, as a german and having been to a couple of museums and sites in the Ruhrgebiet area, have I heard about it, nor do I think that this guy actually looks that young. Id think he is about 20 yrs old.
虽然我不确定当时德国的煤矿里有没有雇佣童工这回事，但作为一个德国人，我也去过鲁尔区的不少博物馆和遗址，我从来没听说过，而且我觉得这哥们儿看着也没那么小。我觉得他大概有20岁了。
51 赞2021/11/12
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18 赞2021/11/12
Boys usualy started at that age for education purposes. I don't know about the exact situation in Germany, but in the Netherlands there was a special school where boys learned how to be miners. They visited the school from age 14 till 17, after that they where officially miners. This education was not mandatory, so there were miners who started at a later age.
男孩子们通常在那会儿就开始为了接受职业教育而入行了。我不了解德国的具体情况，但在荷兰，有一种专门教男孩子怎么当矿工的学校。他们从14岁到17岁在那儿上学，毕业后就正式成为矿工了。这种教育不是强制性的，所以也有不少矿工是后来才入行的。
17 赞2021/11/12
I didn't have to shave until I was ~25 or so. I think he looks like early 20s. Would be the oldest looking 15 year old ever.
我一直到大概25岁左右才需要刮胡子。我觉得他看起来也就20出头吧。要是他真才15岁，那也长得太老成了。
109 赞2021/11/12
Spent a large portion of my life working in underground coal. I’m glad working conditions have improved.
我大半辈子都在井下挖煤。看到工作环境能有所改善，我真挺高兴的。
109 赞2021/11/13
This is always a good reminder for when people say things like “nuclear power is dangerous”. Coal power is already dangerous, it’s just that the danger is mostly dumped onto a few pretty disadvantaged people.
每当有人说“核能很危险”之类的屁话时，这总能作为一个很好的提醒。火电其实早就够危险了，只不过是把那些危险全都丢给了极少数弱势群体去承担罢了。
68 赞2021/11/13
Well it's also dumped on [~800k people who die prematurely every year](https://endcoal.org/health/) as a result of coal-related air pollution.
得了，这玩意儿还顺带坑害了[每年因煤炭相关空气污染而早逝的约80万人](https://endcoal.org/health/)。
68 赞2021/11/12
My grandfather worked in a coal mine when he was young but then changed careers. My grandmother told me that even years later she would find coal dust on their sheets that was working it's way out of his body.
我爷爷年轻时在煤矿干过，后来才转行。我奶奶跟我说，哪怕过了好多年，她还能在床单上发现煤灰，那是从他身体里慢慢排出来的。
50 赞2021/11/13
So the miner in Chernobyl was right. They did mine naked.
看来切尔诺贝利的那个矿工说得对，他们确实是光着身子挖矿的。
58 赞2021/11/13
Yup! It was really common to do it because the work was very tough and sweaty, but also it gets incredibly hot once you start to go down below the surface, and very stuffy due to lack of fresh air.
没错！这操作以前特别普遍，因为活儿又累又出汗，而且一旦下到地底，温度就会飙升得离谱，空气也不流通，闷得要命。
16 赞2021/11/13
I was wondering how he managed to get coal dust evenly distributed on his entire body….
我刚才还在纳闷他是怎么做到让煤灰均匀地铺满全身的……
17 赞2021/11/13
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47 赞2021/11/12
The stool upon which thousands of bare balls have rest.
那张承载过成千上万颗光屁股蛋子的板凳。
46 赞2021/11/13
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41 赞2021/11/12
Ahhh the Ruhrpott. Good old coal country
啊，鲁尔区。老牌煤炭重镇。
39 赞2021/11/12
Which Germany?
哪个德国？
83 赞2021/11/12
West Germany, that's where Gelsenkirchen is located. 
西德，盖尔森基兴就在那儿。
31 赞2021/11/12
i love vaguely erotic historical photography,
我超爱那种带点暧昧色情意味的复古摄影作品。
37 赞2021/11/12
[ Removed by Reddit ]
[ 该内容已被 Reddit 移除 ]
25 赞2021/11/13
I live near Gary, IN, an old steel town. The houses there have an interesting feature: an external door to the basement, which has a shower. Workers would get home and shower up in the basement before going up to the main house areas to keep them clean. Steel working is almost as dirty a job as coal mining.
我住在印第安纳州的加里市（Gary, IN）附近，那是个老钢铁工业城。
那里的房子有个很有意思的特点：地下室有个通往户外的门，里面还装了淋浴间。工人们下班回家后，得先在地下室洗完澡，再上楼进到房子的生活区，这样才能保持家里干净。炼钢这种活儿跟挖煤一样，脏得要命。
22 赞2021/11/12
[Some people say a man is made out of mud](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzlT80jQ3lo)
[有人说男人是泥巴捏成的](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzlT80jQ3lo)
20 赞2021/11/12
Those companies will steal the best years of your life if you let them
你要是任由那些公司摆布，它们绝对会榨干你人生中最美好的那几年。
18 赞2021/11/12
Suburban moms everywhere now have that wire basket in their living rooms holding their collection of $100 blankets
现在全天下的郊区老妈们，客厅里都得摆上那么个铁丝篮子，用来装她们那一堆价值百刀的毯子。
17 赞2021/11/12
Coal mining is brutal back breaking work. That is why they were the first group targeted by the Sacklers and Purdue Pharma with their addictive opioids.
煤矿工作简直是惨无人道、累断腰杆的苦力活。正因如此，他们才成了萨克勒家族（Sacklers）和普渡制药（Purdue Pharma）用那些让人上瘾的阿片类药物进行针对的第一批受害者。
15 赞2021/11/13
What are the items hanging from the ceiling in the background? Clothing?
背景里从天花板上挂着的东西是啥？衣服吗？
12 赞2021/11/12
Wow. Same year and country my father was born. Thank you for posting!
哇塞。这正是我父亲出生那年和那个国家。谢谢楼主分享！
10 赞2021/11/13
I'm German and live in the region. You'll see this as a popular post card motif. Haven't seen it in a while, though.
我是德国人，就住在这一带。你们看到的这个场景可是很出名的明信片主题。不过我确实好一阵子没见着了。
10 赞2021/11/13
I am from Gelsenkirchen and theres a lot that happened due to the coal beeing mined for such a long time. 1. When we were still mining in the 20th century the area was hella prosperous. People would be a lot happier back then. It created thousands of jobs e.g. mining, refining, transportation etc. After the Business died down the whole area (Ruhr area or Ruhrgebiet in german) lost everything. Mining Was the spirit that game it its Power and stability. No one thought it would ever stop so no one thought of any other Job possibilities. Nowadays Gelsenkirchen is one of the poorest City in whole germany and has the lowest quality of life(officialy tested). 2. They would keep canary birds in the Tunnel to See if anywhere Was a Gasleak. When the bird dropped down you had to run. FAST. 3. Due to the Tunnel System that went down up 1300 meters deep, the whole are is continously lowering. Centimeter by centimeter. The reason for that is the groundwater constantly pushing upwards. 4. In Gelsenkirchen people say "wir sind auf Kohle geboren" (we were born in coal). It is consistantly used in footballstadiums (soccer) e.g. Schalke 04. It is a symbol of the mentality thats holds everyone together. Brothers and sisters in spirit. 5. With 14 Million people the Ruhrarea is the most densed area in all of germany. Due to a Lack of workers in the 50s and 60s people from all over europe came, creating the unique multicultured space It is today. Maybe It is not the most beautiful area but It is defnetly one of the most interesting ones history- and peoplewise. If you are in the area have a Look around there is a lot to discover. Excuse my Bad english hope you all enjoyed the little Exkursion into some facts about my area. Have the most lovelyest day you can think of.
我来自盖尔森基兴（Gelsenkirchen），因为长期开采煤矿，这里发生过很多事。
1. 二十世纪我们还在挖矿的时候，这一带简直富得流油。那时候人们要开心得多。采矿业创造了成千上万的工作岗位，比如采煤、精炼、运输等等。后来生意凉了，整个区域（鲁尔区，德语叫 Ruhrgebiet）就全完了。采矿曾经是赋予它力量和稳定感的灵魂。当时谁也没想到这生意会停，所以根本没人考虑过其他出路。现在的盖尔森基兴是全德国最穷的城市之一，生活质量也是垫底的（官方认证）。
2. 他们以前会在坑道里养金丝雀，用来监测有没有气体泄漏。一旦鸟掉下来，你就得跑。赶紧跑。
3. 因为地下坑道系统深达 1300 米，整个地区一直在持续下沉。一厘米一厘米地往下陷。原因就是地下水一直在往上顶。
4. 在盖尔森基兴，人们常说“wir sind auf Kohle geboren”（我们生于煤矿）。这话经常在足球场（soccer）听到，比如沙尔克 04 队。这是一种把大家都凝聚在一起的精神象征。大家都是精神上的兄弟姐妹。
5. 鲁尔区有 1400 万人口，是全德国人口密度最大的地区。五六十年代因为缺劳动力，欧洲各地的人都跑来了，这才造就了今天这种独特的多元文化空间。
这地方可能算不上最漂亮，但论历史底蕴和人文风情，它绝对是最有趣的地方之一。要是你刚好在这附近，不妨逛逛，有很多值得挖掘的东西。
原谅我蹩脚的英语，希望大家喜欢我关于家乡的这点儿科普。祝大家过上能想到的最美好的一天。
10 赞2021/11/12
Warum ist Till Lindemann im Hintergrund?
为什么提尔·林德曼（Till Lindemann）会在背景里？
9 赞2021/11/13
His lungs probably match the rest of him.
他的肺估计也跟他那德性一个样。